Part 1 obgyn notes Sri Lanka
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    Microbiology
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    ALL teratogenic infections Master table

    ALL teratogenic infections Master table

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    🧬 TERATOGENIC INFECTIONS (VIRUSES + BACTERIA) β€” SINGLE UNIFIED MASTER TABLE (FINAL)

    Organism
    Microbiology (EXAM CORE)
    Transmission (M→F)
    Trimester-Specific Effects
    Key Fetal / Neonatal Effects (EXAM LOCK πŸ”’)
    Diagnosis
    Treatment
    Prevention / Notes
    Rubella virus
    Enveloped, +ssRNA, Togaviridae
    Transplacental
    1st: severe malformations 2nd: IUGR 3rd: mild
    Cataracts, PDA, SN deafness, blueberry muffin rash
    Maternal/neonatal IgM
    None
    MMR before pregnancy
    Cytomegalovirus
    Enveloped dsDNA, Herpesvirus, owl-eye inclusions
    Transplacental, peripartum
    Any trimester (early = worse)
    Periventricular calcifications, microcephaly, SN hearing loss
    PCR (urine/saliva), IgM
    Ganciclovir / valganciclovir
    Most common congenital infection
    Herpes simplex virus
    Enveloped dsDNA, Cowdry A inclusions
    Peripartum
    3rd / delivery
    SEM disease, encephalitis, disseminated HSV
    PCR
    IV acyclovir
    C-section if active lesions
    Varicella zoster virus
    Enveloped dsDNA, latency in DRG
    Transplacental
    Early: congenital syndrome Late: neonatal varicella
    Limb hypoplasia, cicatricial scars, eye defects
    IgM, PCR
    Acyclovir, VZIG
    Vaccine pre-pregnancy
    Zika virus
    Enveloped +ssRNA, Flavivirus
    Transplacental
    1st: severe CNS damage
    Severe microcephaly, ocular defects
    PCR
    Supportive
    Avoid endemic areas
    Parvovirus B19
    Non-enveloped ssDNA, infects erythroid precursors (P antigen)
    Transplacental
    1st–2nd: fetal anemia β†’ hydrops
    Hydrops fetalis, IUFD (NO structural defects)
    Maternal IgM, fetal PCR, ↑ MCA Doppler
    Intrauterine transfusion
    Hydrops + normal anatomy = Parvo
    Hepatitis B virus
    Enveloped partially dsDNA, Dane particle
    Peripartum
    3rd / delivery
    Chronic HBV infection
    HBsAg
    HBIG + vaccine (neonate)
    Antenatal screening
    Human immunodeficiency virus
    Enveloped +ssRNA Retrovirus, gp120 β†’ CD4
    Transplacental, delivery, milk
    Late pregnancy & breastfeeding
    IUGR, immunodeficiency
    PCR (infant)
    ART
    ART ↓ transmission
    Toxoplasma gondii
    Obligate intracellular protozoa
    Transplacental
    Early = severe, late = common
    Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, diffuse calcifications
    IgM/IgG avidity, PCR
    Spiramycin; pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine
    Cat feces, raw meat
    Treponema pallidum
    Spirochete, dark-field microscopy
    Transplacental
    Any trimester
    Snuffles, rash; late: Hutchinson teeth
    VDRL/RPR
    Penicillin G
    Treat mother
    Listeria monocytogenes
    Gram+ rod, Ξ²-hemolytic, grows at 4 Β°C
    Transplacental
    Early loss; late sepsis
    Sepsis, meningitis, stillbirth
    Blood/CSF culture
    Ampicillin Β± gentamicin
    Unpasteurized dairy
    Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    Acid-fast bacillus
    Transplacental / aspiration
    Rare
    Congenital TB
    GeneXpert
    Pregnancy-safe ATT
    Screen high-risk
    Group B Streptococcus
    Gram+ cocci, Ξ²-hemolytic, CAMP+
    Peripartum
    Delivery
    Early neonatal sepsis
    Vaginal swab
    Intrapartum penicillin
    35–37 wks screening
    Chlamydia trachomatis
    Obligate intracellular, EB/RB forms
    Peripartum
    Neonatal
    Conjunctivitis, pneumonia
    NAAT
    Azithromycin
    No blindness

    🧠 FINAL PARVO LOCK πŸ”’

    • Hydrops fetalis
    • Normal anatomy
    • Severe fetal anemia

      • β†’ Parvovirus B19